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露营有益于大脑:置身于大自然3天就能让大脑彻底放松

kira86 于2018-07-24发布 l 已有人浏览
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心理学家研究发现,远离电子设备、在大自然中呆3天就能让大脑得到彻底放松。有助于提高效率、降压等等。
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野营.jpg
Camping Is Good for Your Brain

露营对你的大脑有好处

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

欢迎收听美国之音w88中文学习节目,这里是健康与生活方式报告。

The 19th-century American writer and naturalist Henry David Thoreau knew the importance of nature. Thoreau filled his books and notes with observations about human life and its basic need for nature. Those writings have probably never been more important than they are today.

十九世纪的美国作家和自然主义者亨利·梭罗知道自然的重要性。梭罗在他的书和笔记中,记载了关于对人类生活以及人类生活对自然的基本需要的观察。这些作品可能从未像今天这样重要。

On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic device and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.

平均而言,美国人每天花大约10小时在电脑或其它电子设备前,每天的户外的时间不到30分钟。

That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TEDTalk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.

这是犹他大学心理学教授戴维·斯特耶所宣布的一项断言。在他2017年的TED演讲中,斯特耶解释道,所有时间都花在科技产品上,会让我们的大脑疲劳。

Using an electronic device – answering emails, listening to the news, looking at Facebook -- puts a lot of pressure on the prefrontal cortex, the front of the brain. This area, Strayer explains, is important for critical thinking, problem-solving and decision-making.

使用电子设备来回复邮件、听新闻、刷脸书,给大脑前端前额叶皮层带来了很大的压力。斯特耶解释说,这个区域对于批判性思维、解决问题和做决策都至关重要。

So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps refresh a brain that is tired from too much technology.

所以,让大脑休息是很重要的。斯特耶宣称,身处自然界中,可以帮助因使用过多科技产品而倍感疲倦的大脑恢复活力。

That is when time in the great outdoors and a camping trip can help. Friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just want a tech-tired brain needs.

也就是说,在美妙的户外和野营旅行都能(对大脑)起到帮助作用。亲朋好友抽出一部分时间,然后遁入大自然中过几天。他们(大家一起)散步、爬山、探险、游泳、睡觉、吃饭以及玩耍。而露营可能正是因科技产生疲惫的大脑所需要的。

Take Carl, for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that being outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do.

以卡尔为例。他住在西弗吉尼亚,喜欢野营。他说,在户外让他感到安心,还会让他为他必须做的工作做好准备。

Camping give us a chance to be in touch with nature and it's a little less busy than our regular day-to-day life. And it's very relaxing. So, when you return to work on Monday generally you're in a better state of mind. I really like the way I feel on Monday. I'm refreshed for work.

“露营给了我们一个接触大自然的机会,而这(种生活节奏)也比我们的日常生活节奏要闲适得多。所以,当你在星期一重回工作的时候,通常你的心情都会更好。我真的喜欢我在星期一的感觉。我精神焕发地投入到工作上。”

Kate Somers also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a "regenerative" experience, meaning it gives her new life and energy.

凯特·萨默斯也住在西弗吉尼亚州。她说她喜欢和丈夫和两个孩子一起露营。她将之称为一次“再生”的体验,意思是这种体验给了她新的生命和能量。

I find that it brings me a measure of peace that comes with the quiet and often the solitude. I find it pretty regenerative and something that I like to do with some regularity so that I can keep tapping into that.

“我发现,露营给我带来了伴有安静和独处的平和之策。我发现它非常有再生能力,也是我喜欢定期去做的事,这样我就可以继续保持深入的体验。”

Scientists may agree.

科学家可能也会同意。

At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good.

在犹他大学,大卫·斯特耶研究了短期和长期接触自然的两种人。他发现,花较短时间在自然界中,远离科技,就会让大脑平静下来,并且有助于大脑更好地记忆。不过,他发现,与自然长期接触时最有益的。

He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself. He calls this the "three-day syndrome". He claims that spending long amounts of time in nature will help:

他和她的团队发现,在没有任何科技产品相伴的情况下,在大自然中呆三天就足以让大脑完全放松并重新调整好自己的状态。他称之为“三日综合症”。他表示,花大量的时间在大自然中会起到以下帮助作用:

1) rest and recharge the brain

让大脑得到休息,并给大脑充电

2) improve our productivity

提高我们的效率

3) lower our stress levels

降低压力水平

4) and make us feel better.

让我们感觉更良好。

Kate Somers agrees. She says that, while long walks are great, camping for several days is a better, more complete experience.

凯特·萨默斯同意这个观点。她说,远足虽然也很棒,但野营几天更棒,也会有更彻底的体验。

We feel it (camping) gives us all the ability to immerse ourselves more in the out-of-doors rather than just going on day hike. Here you get to spend more time out-of-doors and just kind of be in the space rather than necessarily always moving through it.

“我们觉得,比起仅仅是单日远足,野营更能让我们将自己沉浸在户外。在这里,你可以花更多的时间在户外,就好比是留在户外,而不是总在两地穿梭。”

Camping, Carl adds, teaches you to know your surroundings and to think about one thing at a time. This is similar to Strayer's claim that being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus. It can show you how to take care of yourself in difficult situations. And this can help to increase your confidence in your abilities.

卡尔补充道,野营教会你了解周围的环境,并且让你一次只想一件事。这与斯特耶的观点类似,即:在自然界中,会让大脑保持平静,且有助于大脑集中注意力。还能告诉你在困境中如何照顾自己。并且,还可以提高你对自己能力的信心。

Well, I think being more aware, in general, is something that transfers well to day-to-day life. I think being able to focus on one task. I think the self-confidence of knowing you can taking care of yourself in an adverse environment carries over well to day-to-day life.

“我认为,总的来说,更清醒是一个能很好适应到日常生活的东西。我认为(这)能够(让你)专注于一项任务。我认为,知道自己能在不利的环境中照顾好自己的这种自信,会对日常生活也会产生很好的影响。”

Nature as teacher

大自然是老师

Giving your brain a rest so that it can work better is a great reason to go camping. But it is not the only reason. Nature is great teacher.

可以让大脑休息、以便于大脑能更好的工作,这是一个很棒的去野营的理由。但是这并不是唯一的理由。大自然还是更棒的老师。

And learning about animals and nature environments is different when it's hands-on than when it's in school -- learning to deal with the weather; and learning to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow; learning how to keep your feet in good condition when you're hiking and walking; learning how to dress for the elements ...

“亲身到大自然中学习,和与在学校学习与动物和自然环境有关的知识是完全不同的。(亲身体验自然,让你可以)学习如何应对天气;学会在雨中如何保持干爽或者在雪中如何保暖;学习在徒步旅和行走时如何保护双脚处于良好的状态;学习视自然环境而(选择)着装.....”

Kate Somers adds that her camping experiences have given her confidence to deal with problems.

凯特. 萨默斯补充说,她的露营经历给了她解决问题的信心。

It is definitely more challenging in the beginning just, sort of, be able to anticipate what you'll need and to know how to deal with certain situations.

“刚开始的时候,无疑会更具挑战性,就好比,要有能预知你会需要什么并且知道如何处理某些情况的能力。”

So, taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is, of course, wonderful. But camping requires that you spend more time in nature and it can test you in different ways. You must immerse yourself more deeply in nature. And the health benefits can be deeper as well.

所以,在树林里、在海边或者在城市公园里长时间的散步,当然很棒。但是野营需要你将更多时间花在大自然中,并且它还能以不同的方式来试炼你。你必须更深的沉浸在大自然中,当然,得到的健康益处也会更大。

And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.

以上就是本期的健康与生活方式报告。

I'm Anna Matteo.

我是安娜·马特奥。

Have you been camping? And does it help you to relax? Let us know in the Comments Section.

你野营过吗?野营能帮助你放松吗?在评论中告诉我们吧。

(小ew88中文Jewel翻译,欢迎捉虫!)

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