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美国第一夫人的影响力 没有薪水举足轻重

kira86 于2021-03-03发布
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美国第一夫人这一职位没有薪水,但举足轻重。她们不只是站在丈夫身后,而是经常承担着任务。
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The Influence of America’s First Ladies

美国第一夫人的影响力

When Joe Biden became president on January 20, Jill Biden, his wife, took on an important job in American society. She became first lady of the United States.

在乔·拜登1月20日就任美国总统这一天,她的妻子吉尔·拜登也担任了美国社会中一项重要的工作,那就是美国第一夫人。

The position comes with no pay, but it is influential.

这一职位没有薪水,但举足轻重。

So, many people paid attention when Biden became the first of America’s first ladies to keep the job she had before her husband became president. Jill Biden has a doctorate in education and is a professor of English at a community college in Virginia, just outside of Washington, D.C.

因此,很多人都注意到,在她丈夫当选总统后,她还继续着前一份工作,这在美国第一夫人中是首例。吉尔·拜登拥有教育学博士学位,是华盛顿郊外弗吉尼亚州一所社区大学的w88中文教授。

Some Americans might be surprised to learn that Biden would keep her old job. An expert on the subject is Katherine Jellison. She is a history professor at Ohio University. Jellison said, since Biden is a teacher, which is a traditional job for women, most Americans will accept her outside work.

一些美国人可能会对拜登将保留她的旧职感到惊讶。俄亥俄大学的历史学教授凯瑟琳·杰利森是这方面的专家。杰利森表示,拜登是一名教师,这是女性的传统工作,大多数美国人会接受她的业余工作。

Barbara Perry is a presidential historian at the University of Virginia. She said most Americans see presidents as “father figures.” She said: “That makes first ladies maternal figures and kind of mothers of our country.”

芭芭拉·佩里是弗吉尼亚大学研究总统的历史学家。她说,大多数美国人把总统视为“父亲般的人物”。她说:“这让第一夫人成为了母性人物,即一国之母。”

What about if they are younger women?

如果他们是更年轻的女性呢?

John F. Kennedy’s wife, Jacqueline, was only 31 when she became first lady. If the first lady is a younger woman, Perry said, Americans “see her as an older sister or glamorous aunt.”

约翰·F·肯尼迪的妻子杰奎琳在成为第一夫人时只有31岁。佩里说,如果第一夫人是一位年轻女性,美国人“会把她视为姐姐或迷人的阿姨”。

An activist tradition

一种激进传统

However, first ladies do not just stand behind their husbands. They often take on projects. Among first ladies, Eleanor Roosevelt was possibly the first to be remembered as an activist. She came to the White House, the official presidential home, in 1933 after Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1932.

然而,第一夫人不只是站在丈夫身后。她们经常承担着任务。在第一夫人中,埃莉诺·罗斯福可能是第一个被铭记为活动家的人。1932年,富兰克林·罗斯福赢得总统选举,1933年,她来到白宫——总统的正式住所。

Perry said some Americans thought Eleanor Roosevelt pushed too hard for changes. She asked her husband to work on civil rights, labor rights and women’s rights. “She was always pressing for the social programs that she wanted and was much reviled because of that,” Perry said.

佩里说,一些美国人认为埃莉诺·罗斯福推动改革的力度太大了。她要求丈夫致力于民权、劳工权利和妇女权利。佩里说:“她总是迫切要求得到她想要的社会福利,因此受到了很多辱骂。”

While not every first lady was like Roosevelt, she set an example for those to come. First ladies have long been recognized for the causes they supported. Jacqueline Kennedy worked to renovate the White House and make sure it was home to historic art and objects from U.S. history. Lyndon Johnson’s wife, Lady Bird Johnson, supported environmental protection causes. Nancy Reagan asked children to stay away from drugs. Barbara Bush worked to help more people learn to read. Michelle Obama was interested in healthy eating and planted a vegetable garden at the White House.

虽然不是每一位第一夫人都像罗斯福一样,但她为未来的第一夫人树立了榜样。长期以来,第一夫人一直因她们所支持的事业而受到认可。杰奎琳·肯尼迪致力于翻修白宫,确保它成为美国历史上历史艺术和文物的家园。林登·约翰逊的妻子伯德·约翰逊夫人支持环境保护事业。南希·里根要求儿童远离毒品。芭芭拉·布什致力于帮助更多的人学习阅读。米歇尔·奥巴马对健康饮食很感兴趣,在白宫种了一个菜园。

Perry said most Americans were happy to support those kinds of projects. But sometimes Americans think women in the White House do too much. Perry said that happened with Hillary Clinton.

佩里说,大多数美国人都很乐意支持这类项目。但有时国民认为白宫的女性做得太多了。佩里表示,希拉里·克林顿就是一个例子。

In 1993, she said, Bill Clinton appointed Hillary to lead a group that worked to change the American health care system. Perry said the public was not accepting of Clinton’s part in shaping policy: “She had to go back to more soft-power approaches to being first lady.”

她说,1993年,比尔·克林顿任命希拉里领导一个致力于改变美国医疗体系的小组。佩里说,公众不接受克林顿在制定政策方面的作用:“作为第一夫人,她不得不回到更加软实力的方式。”

Who would be in…

谁能入选......

Kate Andersen Brower is a presidential historian who wrote about first ladies in a book called “First Women.”

凯特·安德森·布罗尔(Kate Andersen Brower)是一位总统历史学家,她曾在一本名为《第一女性》(first Women)的书中描写过第一夫人。

She said both Melania Trump and Nancy Reagan had influence over who worked with the president. Brower said Trump did not like the way one adviser treated one of the people who worked for her during a trip overseas. Melania Trump asked that the adviser be dismissed.

她说梅拉尼娅·特朗普和南希·里根都对总统同事的工作有影响。布罗尔表示,特朗普不喜欢一名顾问在海外访问期间对待她的一名工作人员的方式。梅拉尼娅·特朗普要求解雇这位顾问。

Reagan, Brower said, “decided who would be in and who was out.”

布罗尔表示,里根“决定了入选和出局的人。”

Clinton was not successful in her attempt at shaping healthcare policy. However, Brower said she did suggest that her husband choose Ruth Bader Ginsberg as a Supreme Court justice.

克林顿试图塑造医疗保健政策的尝试并不成功。然而,布罗尔表示,她的丈夫选择露丝·巴德·金斯伯格担任最高法院大法官确实是她的建议。

Brower said Jill Biden can change the way Americans think about first ladies by being both a working woman and a wife. She also said there is likely to be a big change ahead when, one day, a woman is elected president.

布罗尔表示,吉尔·拜登既是职业女性,又是妻子,她可以改变美国人对第一夫人的看法。她还说,将来有一天女性当选总统时,很可能会发生重大变化。

I’m Dan Friedell.

丹·福里戴尔报道。

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