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BBC随身英语: 为什么素食要追求“肉相”?

zxlxm 于2020-01-03发布 l 已有人浏览
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这是最新一批追求有“肉相”,但保留“纯素”本性的素食。既然是素食,为什么要模仿肉?本集《随身英语》讨论“非肉似肉”的素食。
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Why some vegetarian foods imitate meat

为什么素食要追求“肉相”

The veggie burger: this humble non-meat burger substitute is a staple of many a vegetarian meal. Though vegetarianism has a long history that reaches as far back as Egyptian times, and while many a vegetable-only stand-in patty is likely to have been used in the interim, the term veggie burger is commonly attributed to a Gregory Sams of London, who in 1982 created the 'Vegeburger'.

素食汉堡:这种不起眼的非肉类汉堡是许多素食主义者的主食。虽然素食主义的历史可以追溯到埃及时代,当时也出现过许多只有蔬菜的小馅饼,但素食汉堡一词通常被认为是伦敦的格雷戈里·萨姆斯发明的,他在1982年创造了“蔬菜汉堡”。

So what is a veggie burger? Well, a hamburger is a meat patty between two halves of a bun. A veggie burger is similar, except the patty is a meat-free equivalent, commonly made from ingredients such as beans, tofu, nuts, grains and mushrooms. In many cases, the differences between the meat patty and vegetarian surrogate are clear, but Impossible Foods of Silicon Valley hope to put an end to that.

那么什么是素汉堡呢?嗯,汉堡包是夹在两个小圆面包中间的肉饼。素汉堡也是这样,只不过中间的饼通常由豆类、豆腐、坚果、谷物和蘑菇等原料制成,由此替代肉类。很多情况下,肉饼和素饼之间的区别是很明显的,但硅谷的“Impossible Foods of Silicon Valley”公司却希望能结束这种情况。

The Impossible burger is made of a plant-based iron-containing molecule that resembles blood. It's called 'heme' and it's a key ingredient in their wheat, coconut and potato-based meat duplicate. It apparently looks, smells and even bleeds like meat - but it's grown in a lab using biochemistry. This replicated burger is indistinguishable from meat 47% of the time in tests conducted among meat lovers, Impossible claims.

这种不可能的汉堡是由一种类似血液的植物性含铁物质制成的。这种物质就是“血红素”,是小麦、椰子和土豆肉制品的关键成分。它看起来和闻起来都像肉,甚至像肉一样会流血——但它是在实验室里用生物化学方法培育出来的。这家公司宣称,在对爱吃肉人群进行的测试中,47%的人不能将其与肉类区分开来。

There are many non-meat alternatives that are designed to closely imitate meat and many non-vegetarians might wonder why. Marketing is one good reason: faux-meat products appeal to meat-lover and vegetarian alike due to their alleged health benefits. If you can have the food you love at a lower health cost, why wouldn't you?

有许多非肉类替代品是专为模仿肉类而生产的。许多非素食者可能想知道其中的缘由。其中一个说得过去的原因是为了促销:肉类爱好者禁受不住这种人造肉制品的诱惑,素食者也一样。因为据称这类产品对健康有益。如果你能以更低的健康成本吃到你喜欢的食物,为什么不呢?

Another reason is more ethical. Many people stop eating meat for moral reasons rather than dietary ones. They may seek to reduce animal suffering by boycotting meat products or wish to reduce the meat industry's large environmental impact. Livestock production is responsible for 18% of total greenhouse gases, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). However, they may still miss the taste of meat. Therefore pseudo-meat is a nice fill-in.

另一个原因更合乎道德。许多人不沾肉食是出于道德原因,而不是饮食原因。他们可能通过抵制肉类产品来减少动物的痛苦,或者希望能减少肉类行业对环境造成的巨大影响。根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)的数据,畜牧业产生的温室气体占温室气体总量的18%。然而,他们可能仍然怀念肉的味道。因此,伪肉是一种不错的馅料。

Finally, "there are associated feelings and memories that go with certain foods," says Thomas Banks, BBC Learning English producer and 15-year vegetarian. "I didn't grow up a vegetarian and sometimes I miss my family's cooking. Replica meat allows me to have a good home-cooked meal that's just like mum used to make." Who can argue with that?

最后,英国广播公司英语学习节目制片人、有十五年素食经验的托马斯·班克斯表示:“某些食物会带来相关的感觉和记忆。我不是靠吃素长大的,而且有时候我也想念家人做的菜。仿造肉类品让我能吃上一顿好吃的家常菜,就像妈妈过去做的家常菜一样。”谁说不是呢?

 

词汇表

substitute

替代物

stand-in

顶替品

similar

相似的

equivalent

等同(的东西)

surrogate

替代的

resemble

看起来像,与…相似

duplicate

复制品

replicated

被复制的

indistinguishable

难以分辨的

alternative

供选择的物品

imitate

模仿

faux

假的

pseudo-

(前缀)假的

fill-in

代替者

replica

仿造的

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