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全球变暖威胁鳕鱼数量 但升温1.5度鳕鱼还能应付

kira86 于2019-03-01发布 l 已有人浏览
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鳕鱼是气候变化的受害物种之一,研究发现只要全球变暖的温度在在1.5摄氏度以内,鳕鱼还能应付,而一旦海水升温超过3-4度,鳕鱼产量将减半。
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鳕鱼.jpg
Cod Could Cope with Constrained Climate Change

鳕鱼可以应对一定的气候变化

Polar bears and coral reefs are obvious victims of climate change. But a warming world will also challenge many other animals. For example, cod. The fish play a critical role in marine ecosystems and human economies. Climate change could devastate Atlantic and polar cod.

北极熊和珊瑚礁都显然是气候变化的受害者。但这个日渐变暖的世界也将对许多其它动物造成威胁,比如,鳕鱼。鱼类在海洋生态系统和人类经济中发挥着至关重要的作用。气候变化可能会对大西洋造成严重破坏,给极地鳕鱼带来毁灭性的一击。

A team of scientists wanted to find out how rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification might affect these fish populations.

一组科学家想弄清楚海水温度上升和海洋酸化可能会对这些鱼类的数量造成怎样的影响。

We went out with our research vessel into the Barents Sea, and caught Atlantic cod and polar cod, and brought them back alive into a research facility in Northern Norway. Flemming Dahlke, a marine biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany.

“我们乘坐考察船前往巴伦支海,捕获了大西洋鳕鱼和极地鳕鱼,并将它们活着待会挪威北部的一个研究机构。”德国阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳研究所的海洋生物学家弗莱明·达尔克表示到。

And in this facility, we raised the eggs and larvae under different temperature and ocean acidification, mimicking the conditions expected for the next decades to come.

“在这个设施中,我们在不同的温度和海洋酸化条件下饲养这些鱼卵和鱼苗,环境模拟了未来几十年可能会出现的海水条件,。”

The researchers placed the eggs and larvae in various carbon dioxide concentrations, as well as three different temperature scenarios: one, the "business as usual" scenario, where humans continue to emit greenhouse gases as current rates and ocean waters increase 3 to 4 degrees Celsius. They also tested an intermediate scenario of a 2-degree Celsius rise, and a "best-case" scenario, where water temperatures rise only 1 degree. They then recorded egg survival rates and larval development.

研究人员将这些鱼卵和鱼苗放置于不同的二氧化碳浓度以及三种不同的水温模式下:第一种是模式是“一切如常”模式,即人类继续排放温室气体,当前海水温度上升3到4摄氏度。他们还测试了“中等模式”,即海水温度上升2摄氏度,以及“最佳模式”,即海水温度只上升1摄氏度。然后,他们记录了鱼卵(在三种模式下)的存活率以及鱼苗的发育情况。

The results were pretty clear. We found that with ocean acidification, the eggs become more sensitive to temperature extremes. So this means that their thermal tolerance range narrows. And that we found for both species. And we also found that they use more energy to regulate against the stress of temperature and ocean acidification.

结果非常清楚。我们发现,随着海洋酸化,这些卵对极端温度变得更加敏感,这意味着它们高温耐受性变小了。我们发现这两个物种都是如此。我们还发现它们使用更多能量来调节温度和海洋酸化所带来的压力。

The study is in the journal Science Advances.

这项研究发表在《科学进展》杂志上。

And when we used these data and combined them with the climate projections, we find that with the worst-case scenario there will be a decrease in egg survival chances of about 50 percent in many of the important spawning areas of those species.

“当我们利用这些数据并将其与气候预测结合起来时,我们发现在最坏的情况下(第一种测试模式),这些物种的重要产卵区的鱼卵存活率将下降50%。”

Although these populations might be able to adapt by shifting their spawning grounds northward.

尽管这些物种群可以通过将产卵地向北迁移来适应这一变化。

The question is if the species will find also suitable feeding conditions in those alternative spawning areas. So it could be that the temperature is right, but they won't find enough food up in the north.

“但问题是,这些物种群是否也会在这些替代的产卵去找到合适的喂养条件。所以可能出现的问题是:温度合适,但它们在北方找不到足够的食物。”

Big changes in cod populations will likely have ripple effects: cod are food for many other animals, like birds and seals. And countries like Norway depend on the income that cod fisheries haul in. But the new research also offers a bit of good news.

鳕鱼数量发生巨大变化可能会产生连锁反应:因为鳕鱼是许多其它动物的食物,比如鸟类和海豹。像挪威这样的国家依赖于鳕鱼渔业的收入。但新的研究也带来了一些好消息。

On the positive side, we find that in the scenario where we successfully limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, both species would be able to successfully reproduce in those areas where they spawn currently.

“好的一面是,我们通过第二种模式发现,只要我们能成功地将全球变暖的温度控制在1.5摄氏度以内,这两个物种将能在它们目前产卵的地区成功产卵。”

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