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如何分区普通感冒和流感?专家教你几招

kira86 于2019-01-14发布 l 已有人浏览
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冬季喝春季是容易感冒及引发流感的季节,但至于患得是流感还是感冒?专家教你来区分。
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STEVE INSKEEP, HOST: It's that time of year. You wake up with a sore throat, stuffy nose, fever. Maybe you lose your voice - happened to me just last week. And you wonder, is this the flu or just a cold? You can actually find out. NPR's Patti Neighmond reports.

主持人史蒂夫·英斯基普:现在又到了人们容易感冒的时节。可能你醒来会发现自己嗓子痛,鼻塞,发烧。还可能因感冒失声。上周我就感冒了。你也许会好奇,这是流感呢,还是普通感冒呢?实际上你可以判断出来。请看NPR记者帕蒂·内摩德报道。

PATTI NEIGHMOND, BYLINE: The symptoms can be similar, but the difference is how quickly they develop and how bad they are. Dr. Yul Ejnes with the American College of Physicians...

连线记者帕蒂·内摩德:两者症状可能类似,但是区别在于症状的发展有多快,有多严重。让我们听听尤尔·埃杰斯医生和美国医师协会的医生是怎么说的...

YUL EJNES: The flu usually starts abruptly. You could pretty much tell the doctor when it started. You know, I was fine, and then I wasn't.

尤尔·埃杰斯:流感通常是突然患上的,你可以可以说出流感是什么时间开始的,在那个时间之前我还没事,但是后来就不舒服了。

NEIGHMOND: A cold, on the other hand, takes a couple of days to build up - a sore throat one day, runny nose the next, eventually, maybe a low-grade fever. But symptoms are relatively minor compared to the high fever over a hundred and one or more, body aches and chills of the flu.

内摩德:另一方面,普通感冒则是需要几天的时间来形成——第一天嗓子痛,第二天流鼻涕,最终可能会出现低烧。但与带来高烧超过101度(摄氏大概38.3度)或更高、身体疼痛和寒战的流感相比,普通感冒的症状相对轻微。

EJNES: Feeling like a truck ran you over or you can't even move a muscle.

埃杰斯:感觉像是被卡车碾过,或者你甚至连肌肉都动不了。

NEIGHMOND: Coughing and headaches are also a lot more intense with the flu. If you have these symptoms, Ejnes says it's a good idea to check in with your doctor. Over the phone should be fine if you're an otherwise healthy adult. There's no cure for the flu, but your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication to help fight it. Dr. Matt Zahn is spokesperson for the Infectious Disease Society of America.

内摩德:流感引发的咳嗽和头痛也是更加严重的。如果你有这些症状,埃杰斯认为你最好去看医生。如果你是一个健康的成年人,打电话也可以。目前还没有治愈流感的方法,但是你的医生可能会给你开抗病毒药物来帮助你对抗流感。马特·扎恩博士是美国感染病协会的发言人。

MATT ZAHN: In general, you can get better maybe about one day earlier than you regularly would.

马特·扎恩:一般来说,用药后你可以比不用药提前一天变得更好。

NEIGHMOND: And symptoms may be more mild, which is especially important for people at high risk of complications from the flu. This includes children under 5, whose immune systems are still developing, adults 65 and older, whose immune systems are waning, and people with underlying medical conditions like asthma or lung or heart disease.

内摩德:而且症状可能更轻微,这一点对流感并发症高危人群尤为重要。高危人群包括免疫系统仍在发育的5岁以下儿童、免疫系统在衰退的65岁及以上的成年人,还包括患有喘、肺病或心脏病等疾病的人。

ZAHN: It makes you less likely to end up in the hospital. It can make you less likely to be severely ill from that influenza infection.

扎恩:用药后需要住院的可能性会很低,而且因为流感感染而重病的可能性也会很低。

NEIGHMOND: Of course, the best protection, says Zahn, is the flu vaccine, which significantly decreases complications from flu along with hospitalization and even death. As for a cold, it's a different story. Internist Ejnes...

内摩德:扎恩说,当然,最好的保护措施是流感疫苗,它能显著减少流感并发症以及住院甚至死亡。至于普通感冒情况就不同了,内科医生埃杰斯...

EJNES: The reality is that there's nothing available that affects the virus, that shortens the duration of the head cold.

埃杰斯:现实情况是,没有任何东西可以影响这种病毒,缩短感冒的持续时间。

NEIGHMOND: The best you can do, he says - over-the-counter remedies that can make you feel a little better - decongestants to relieve cough, nasal sprays to reduce stuffiness, lozenges to help a sore throat.

内摩德:他说,你所能做的最好的选择,可以让你感觉好一点的非处方药物就是缓解咳嗽的减充血剂,减轻鼻塞的鼻喷雾剂,缓解喉咙痛的含片。

EJNES: Hot, steamy fluids - you know, bringing in the ever-popular chicken soup also can help you feel better. But basically, you're doing whatever you can do to bare it until it runs its course.

埃杰斯:还有热气腾腾的液体,喝点一直很受欢迎的鸡汤也能让你感觉更好。但基本上,你就是在尽你所能地把感冒暴露出来,直到它结束这个周期。

NEIGHMOND: Some colds linger for a few weeks, but most clear up within a week. Patti Neighmond, NPR News.

内摩德:有些感冒会持续几周,但大多数会在一周内痊愈。帕蒂·内摩德,NPR新闻。

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