过渡时期的英国

1. meanwhile, oliver cromwell and the “rump” declared england a commonwealth. in december 1653,by an instrument of government, he became lord protector of the commonwealth of england.
克伦威尔用“小议会”取代“残余国会”，1653.12，根据《施政文件》，他成了英格兰共和国护国会。

2. the parliament thus elected in 1660 resolved the crisis by asking the late king’s son to return from his long exile in france as king charlesⅡ. the restoration as it was called, was relatively smooth.
1660年选出的议会要求上任国王的儿子从长期流亡的法国回国做查尔斯二世，从而解决叻危机，所谓王权复辟相对平和。

3. te eglish politicians rejected jamesⅡ, and appealed to a protestant king, william of orange to invade and take the english throne. this take-over became known as the glorious revolution.
英国政客反对詹姆斯二世。他们呼吁新教的国王，奥兰治亲王威廉入侵英国夺取王位。这就是“光荣革命”。