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BBC六分钟英语词汇基础篇: 复合名词的用法

kira86 于2020-08-10发布
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本期BBC六分钟词汇,将学习复合名词的释义和用法。
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Compound nouns

复合名词

Alice: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Vocabulary with me Alice...

大家好,欢迎来到6分钟单词,我是Alice……

Finn: And me, Finn. Today we're looking at compound nouns.

我是Finn,我们今天来看复合名词。

Alice: What are you eating, Finn??

你在吃什么,Finn?

Finn: Popcorn. I've also got some ice cream - do you want some Alice?

爆米花,还有些冰激凌——你想吃一点吗?Alice?

Alice: Well, maybe after the show.

好吧,或许等到节目结束后吧。

Finn: Sorry. In today's show, we're looking at compound nouns.

不好意思。今天的节目中,我们来讲解复合名词。

Alice: We'll look at what they are, what they mean and how to use them.

我们来看看有哪些以及它们的释义及用法。

Finn: There'll be a quiz...

稍后会有一个测验……

Alice: And we'll leave you with a tasty top tip for learning vocabulary.

我们还将会给大家留下一个学习词汇的好方法。

Finn: So, first up: we're going to listen to Bill and his daughter-in-law talking about Bill's computer.

首先,我们来听比尔和他的儿媳谈论比尔的电脑。

Alice: And here's a question to think about while you listen: what's wrong with Bill's laptop?

边听边思考一个问题:比尔的电脑出什么问题了?

Finn: What's wrong with Bill's laptop? Let's find out.

他的电脑怎么了呢?我们一起找出答案。

INSERT: Bill: I'm having problems with this new software.

我有点搞不定这个新软件。

Susan: Where's Mike? He's good with computers.

迈克呢?他很擅长电脑。

Bill:He's buying postcards at the post office, I think.

我想他在邮局买明信片。

Susan: Let's have a look then. I think I can fix this.

那我们自己看看吧,我觉得我能修好。

Bill: Susan, you're my favourite daughter-in-law! But should I buy a new laptop?

苏珊,你是我最喜欢的儿媳妇!但是我应该买一台新的笔记本电脑吗?

Susan: I think you'll have to Bill. This keyboard doesn't work at all.

我觉得你要买,比尔。这个键盘不好用了。

Alice: So, that's Bill and his daughter-in-law. And we asked you: what's wrong with Bill's laptop?

这就是比尔和他儿媳的对话。问题来了:比尔的笔记本电脑出什么问题了?

Finn: And the answer is: the keyboard doesn't work.

答案是:键盘失灵了。

Alice: Now, keyboard is a key word in today's show because it's an example of a compound noun.

Keyboard是我们今天节目的一个关键词,因为他是复合名词的一个例子。

Finn: That's right. In English vocabulary, we often put two or more nouns together to form a new noun, with a meaning that combines the meanings of the two original nouns. We call these words compound nouns.

没错。在英语词汇中,我们经常把两个或两个以上的名词放在一起组成一个新的名词,这个名词的意思是把两个原来的名词的意思结合起来。我们称这些词为复合名词。

Alice: For example, keyboard. The second part - board - names the thing we are talking about.

例如keyboard这个词的第二部分board表明了我们所谈论的事物。

Finn: The first part tells us what type of thing it is - it's a board with keys.

这个词的第一部分讲明了这个事物的类型——带按键的板。

Alice: Now, we usually write keyboard as one word. Same with laptop, software and postcard. But we write others as two words.

现在,我们通常把键盘写成一个单词。laptop笔记本电脑、software 软件和postcard明信片也是如此。但是我们把其他的写成两个单词。

Finn: For example, post office - it's an office where we post things and we write it as two words.

例如,post office——这是我们邮寄东西的场所,分为两个单词来写。

Alice: Unfortunately there aren't really any rules about when to write compound nouns as one word and when to write them as two words - so be sure to use a good dictionary!

不幸的是,对于什么时候把复合名词写成一个单词,什么时候把它们写成两个单词,并没有什么规则可循——所以一定要使用一本好词典!

You're listening to bbclearningenglish.com.

你正在收听的是BBC英语学习频道。

Alice: And we're talking about compound nouns. And if you were listening carefully earlier on you might have noticed a few compound nouns right at the start. Popcorn was one of them. We also heard ice cream - another compound noun!

我们正在讲解的是复合名词。如果大家刚刚有仔细听就会发现我们一开始就用了几个复合名词。其中popcorn爆米花就是其中一个。Ice cream冰激凌则是另一个!

Finn: And you may also have noticed how these words are pronounced. With compound nouns, the stress usually goes on the first part, like this - popcorn, ice cream, keyboard. What's our final example, Alice?

你可能也注意到了这些词的发音。对于复合名词,重音通常出现在第一部分,比如popcorn爆米花、ice cream冰淇淋、keyboard键盘。最后一个例子是什么,Alice?

Alice: Daughter-in-law. This compound noun is made of a noun and a prepositional phrase.

Daughter-in-law儿媳。这个复合名词由一个名词和一个介词短语组成。

Finn: Now, when we write three-word compounds, we usually use hyphens - little dashes - between the words. This shows the three words go together.

我们写三个单词的复合词时,我们通常在单词之间使用连字符——小破折号。这表明这三个词是连在一起的。

Alice: And the plural is daughters-in-law, not daughter-in-laws. We are talking about two daughters - so we add the plural 's' to this word.

这个词的复数形式是daughters-in-law,而不是daughter-in-laws.我们说的是两个女儿,所以我们在daughter这个单词后面加上了复数“s”。

Finn: Do you have any daughters-in-law, Alice?

你有儿媳吗?Alice?

Alice: No I don't Finn. I'm far too young to have any daughters-in-law. But I do have a sister-in-law, and she's a lovely woman. Let's hear about compound nouns again.

不,我没有。Finn. 我太年轻了,还没有儿媳妇。但是我有一个嫂子,她是个可爱的女人。让我们再听一遍复合名词。

Finn: They're fixed expressions formed from two or three words linked together in different ways. There are compounds we write as one word, like keyboard, software, and popcorn.

它们是由两个或三个单词以不同的方式连接而成的固定表达。我们把一些复合词写成一个词,比如keyboard键盘、software软件和popcorn爆米花。

Alice: But we write some of them as two separate words, like post office and ice cream.

但是也有些要写成两个单词,比如post office邮局和ice cream冰激凌。

Finn: Now it's time for a quiz. I'm going to say a compound noun and I'm also going to say whether we write it as one word, two words or with hyphens, and you decide if this is true or false. Ready? Number 1. Popcorn. Two words.

现在是时候做个小测验了。我会念一个复合名词,我也会讲出是把它写成一个单词,两个单词还是连字符连接起来的三个单词,然后大家来决定这是对的还是错的。准备好了吗?第一题:Popcorn爆米花。两个词。

Alice: False. It's one word.

错,这是一个单词。

Finn: Number 2. Ice cream. One word.

第二题:ice cream冰激凌,一个词。

Alice: False! It's two words.

错! 是两个词。

Finn: And number 3. Daughters-in-law. With hyphens.

第三题:daughters-in-law儿媳,中间有连字符。

Alice: True!

答对了!

Finn: That's right, it has hyphens. Well done if you got those right.

对了,这是有连字符的。如果你都做对了那你很棒。

Alice: And that brings us almost to the end of the programme.

我们的节目又接近尾声了。

Finn: But just before we finish, here's today's top tip for learning vocabulary: practise the pronunciation of compound nouns. The stress is on the first word. Try saying 'hot dog' with an equal stress on both words: this means a dog that is hot. Then say it again with the stress on the first word: hot dog is a type of sausage snack.

但在结束之前,有一个学习单词的最佳技巧:练习复合名词的发音。重音在第一个单词。试着用相同的语调读'hot dog':这样读法意思就是热的狗。然后再试着把重音放在第一个词:这样就变成一种香肠小吃了。

Alice: Great, thank you Finn. That's wonderful. There's more about this at bbclearningenglish.com. Join us again for more 6 Minute Vocabulary.

很好,谢谢你,Finn。太棒了。更多内容尽在BBC英语学习网站。下期节目再见。

Both: Goodbye!

再见!

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