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世界各地的大规模抗议运动: 结果如何? 值不值得?

kira86 于2020-07-01发布
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最近世界各地的抗议活动再次引起了人们对示威的关注。然而,从历史上看,大规模示威活动很少能带来参与者预期的结果。美联社最近回顾了过去的一些重要抗议活动。
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Major Protest Movements: Are They Worth It?

大规模抗议运动:值得吗?

Recent protests around the world have brought renewed attention to demonstrations as a form of expression and call for change.

最近世界各地的抗议活动再次引起了人们对示威的关注。示威是一种表达方式,也是对变革的呼吁。

The year 2019 saw protests in Hong Kong, Lebanon, Gaza, France, Venezuela and other places. Worldwide, protesting slowed in early 2020 because of the spread of the new coronavirus.

2019年,香港、黎巴嫩、加沙、法国、委内瑞拉等地发生了抗议活动。在全球范围内,由于新冠病毒的传播,抗议活动在2020年初减缓。

That changed after the death of George Floyd.

乔治·弗洛伊德去世后,情况发生了变化。

Demonstrations around the world were held in support of Americans protesting the death of Floyd, a black man who died after a white police officer kneeled on his neck for several minutes.

一名白人警察跪在黑人男子弗洛伊德的脖子上几分钟后,弗洛伊德死亡,世界各地都举行了示威活动来支持美国抗议这一事件。

In cities across the U.S., some protests turned violent, as people expressed their anger over the incident and their strong desire for change.

在美国的各个城市,一些抗议活动演变成暴力,人们表达了对事件的愤怒和改变的强烈愿望。

Historically, however, huge demonstrations rarely bring about results expected by those who take part in them.

然而,从历史上看,大规模示威活动很少能带来参与者预期的结果。

The Associated Press recently looked back at some important protests from the past.

美联社最近回顾了过去的一些重要抗议活动。

American civil rights

美国民权运动

People involved in Black Lives Matter say their movement is largely leaderless. Recent protests have invited comparison to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States.

参与“黑人命也重要”示威活动的人士表示,他们的运动在很大程度上缺乏领导。最近的抗议活动可以与美国20世纪50年代和60年代的民权抗议活动相比较。

In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led a march of 250,000 people to Washington, D.C. King and activist Malcolm X represented two different plans for protests. One supported large, peaceful demonstrations. The other wanted to get results "by any means necessary."

1963年,马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King, Jr.)领导了一场有25万人前往华盛顿特区的游行。金和活动人士马尔科姆·艾克斯(Malcolm X)代表了两种不同的抗议计划。其中一人支持大规模和平示威。另一种则希望“通过任何必要的手段”获得结果。

During that period, major civil rights acts and the Voting Rights Act were passed under the administration of President Lyndon Johnson. But protests against social injustice and the Vietnam War continued into the 1970s, often becoming destructive and violent.

在此期间,主要的民权法案和投票权法案在林登·约翰逊总统的管理下获得通过。但反对社会不公和越南战争的抗议活动一直持续到20世纪70年代,且往往演变成破坏性和暴力性运动。

Democratic Party lawmakers this month proposed new measures to control local police departments in the United States. But the Democratic Party's presidential nominee, Joe Biden, has not supported recent calls by protesters across the country to "defund the police."

民主党议员本月提出了控制美国地方警察部门的新措施。但是,民主党总统候选人拜登(Joe Biden)没有支持全国各地抗议者最近提出的“撤资警察”的呼吁。

President Donald Trump and his Republican allies have strongly criticized calls for defunding police departments.

唐纳德·特朗普总统和他的共和党盟友强烈批评了撤资警察部门的呼吁。

The fall of the Soviet Union

苏联的解体

In 1989 in Eastern Europe, protests were increasingly against rule by the Communist Party. One by one, countries like the former East Germany and Poland cut off influence of the former Soviet Union. The final Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, permitted the change to take place. The end of one-party rule in East Germany and Poland was largely peaceful.

1989年,在东欧,反对共产党统治的抗议活动越来越多。前东德和波兰等国家一个接一个地切断了前苏联的影响。苏联最后一位领导人米哈伊尔?戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)允许进行这种变革。东德和波兰一党专政的结束基本上是和平进行的。

The time period also included the "Velvet Revolution" which brought the end of Soviet influence in the former Czechoslovakia. The change took place about 20 years after similar protests against the Soviet Union in 1968 were crushed by hundreds of thousands of Soviet-led troops.

这一时期还包括“天鹅绒革命”,结束了苏联对前捷克斯洛伐克的影响。这一变化发生在1968年类似的反苏联抗议被数十万苏联领导的军队镇压了大约20年后。

The Arab spring of 2011

2011年的阿拉伯之春

More than 20 years later, a major wave of political protests overtook the Middle East and North Africa. The demonstrations were captured on social media. The movement, known as the Arab Spring, gave voice to people who demanded change in their governments.

20多年后,一股政治抗议浪潮席卷了中东和北非。社交媒体上记录了示威活动。这场被称为“阿拉伯之春”的运动,让要求改变政府的人们发出了声音。

In Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Tunisia, long-time rulers fell in 2011. But only in Tunisia has democracy lasted.

在埃及、也门、利比亚和突尼斯,长期的统治者在2011年倒台。但只有突尼斯的民主得以延续。

Since 2011, Egypt's authoritarian rule has increased. Yemen and Libya continue to be involved in civil wars that have created humanitarian crises. Syria was also influenced by the Arab spring movement. But the civil war that soon followed continues today, with an estimated 500,000 dead and millions displaced.

自2011年以来,埃及的威权统治有所加强。也门和利比亚继续卷入内战,造成了人道主义危机。叙利亚也受到了阿拉伯之春运动的影响。但随后不久爆发的内战今天仍在继续,估计造成50万人死亡,数百万人流离失所。

More recently, protests in Lebanon and Iraq started last October against leaders considered corrupt and ineffective. But Lebanon has not been able to solve its political problems and faces a severe financial crisis.

最近,黎巴嫩和伊拉克从去年10月开始抗议被认为腐败无能的领导人。但是,黎巴嫩未能解决其政治问题,并面临严重的财政危机。

In Iraq, many protesters have been killed and the country's health care system remains unable to deal with the effects of the new coronavirus. In addition, money from the sale of oil has fallen sharply because of low oil prices.

在伊拉克,许多抗议者被杀,该国的医疗系统仍然无法应对新冠病毒的影响。此外,由于油价走低,石油销售收入大幅下降。

2019 and 2020

2019和2020

Last year, huge protests against the rule of longtime Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir led to his ouster by the army in April 2019. Bashir now faces charges of genocide and war crimes. He has been replaced by a joint civilian-military "sovereign council." But civilians struggle to assert control over important government ministries.

去年,长期统治苏丹的总统奥马尔·巴希尔(Omar al-Bashir)遭到大规模抗议,导致他在2019年4月被军队推翻,并面临种族灭绝和战争罪的指控。他已被军民联合的“主权委员会”取代。但平民很难控制重要的政府部门。

I'm Mario Ritter Jr.

我是小马里奥·里特。

And I'm Ashley Thompson.

我是艾希莉·汤普森。

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