Will robots take our jobs?

机器人会取代我们工作吗？

如果你正坐在一个椅子上，开着车或者回复电话时，会暂停一下并且自问：机器人是否会比我们做得更好？答案也许会有些悲哀。现在，越来越多的工作都会让更有效率的机器人来完成。今天我们一起来听Rob和Finn如何评价，同时学习新词汇。

本周问题：

什么工作更适合机器人？是和以下哪个技能有关的工作呢？

a) 操作小物件的工作？

b) 在露天场所的工作？

c) 涉及交往和情感的工作？

我们可以从节目的最后找到正确答案。

听力内容：

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript

Neil: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil…

Finn: … and I'm Finn. Hello.

Neil: Hello there, Finn. Now, what do you know about robots?

Finn: Robots? Well, (Finn does an impression of a robot voice) they talk in a funny way… like that!

Neil: Yes. You sound quite convincing there actually, Finn.

Finn: Do you like it?

Neil: Yes, I do. Is there anything else you know about robots?

Finn: Well, there are… there are a couple of good ones in the Star Wars, aren't there?

Neil: Oh, yes. R2-D2 and C-3PO. C-3PO talks in quite a human voice.

Finn: He does. But of course that's science fiction not real life.

Neil: No. But things have moved on in real life. The use of machines to do work that people do or used to do is called automation and that's the subject of today's show.

Finn: But before we talk more about this, l'd like you, Neil, to answer today's quiz question. What makes a job more likely to be done by robots? Is it if a job involves…

a) manipulating small objects?

b) working in open spaces?

Or c) social and emotional skills?

Neil: Hmm… OK. Well, I'm going to guess. Manipulating small objects, I think.

Finn: Interesting. OK, we'll find out if you're right or wrong later on. Now, two UK academics have calculated how susceptible to – that means likely to be affected by – how susceptible to automation each job is based on some key skills. And these include negotiation, persuasion, caring for others, originality, and manual dexterity – now that means being good with your hands.

Neil: So do you think intelligent machines could replace us?

Finn: Well, maybe you, Neil. Not me, no. I have all the key skills you know – I'm original… persuasive… of course very caring and very good with my hands as well, I think.

Neil: Well I'm very glad that you're safe, Finn!

Finn: Thank you.

Neil: However, a study from Oxford University has suggested that 35% of existing UK jobs are being automated in the next 20 years. Let’s listen to Michael Osborne from Oxford University talking about this.

INSERT

Michael Osborne, University of Oxford

Computers are increasingly able to learn in a way that in short has been a reserve of human beings. So in their ability to learn, computers are able to perform a much wider range of tasks than they've been able to do in the past. So as a result it's not just manual labour that's coming under threat of automation. It's increasingly cognitive labour – the labour of the mind.

Finn: Michael Osborne. And cognitive labour means using your noggin – that's using or head!So computers and machines are using their noggins and getting smarter. And office workers who do repetitive jobs such as drawing up spreadsheets could be replaced with software. But surely jobs like being a doctor or a lawyer are safe, Neil?

Neil: Well, some white-collar jobs may be less safe than you think. At one city law firm junior staff have to read through contracts, assessing them for risks. But now an artificial intelligence programme can do that faster and better.

Finn: So white collar refers to a job that you do at an office rather than a factory. And artificial intelligence refers to a computer's ability to copy intelligent human behaviour. Now let’s listen to Matthew Whalley from a city law firm to find out what he thinks.

INSERT

Matthew Whalley, Berwin Leigton Paisner

What you're seeing the robot do now, the robot can do in three seconds what would take a group of lawyers days to do. And the advantage is that it can do huge volumes, incredibly reliably in unbelievable times. There is a huge amount of this work to do and lawyers have far better higher-value legal analysis to worry about.

Neil: Well he thinks that there is work for the lawyers and the computers. In fact it sounds like a good division of labour – the computers do the boring stuff and the lawyers do the more interesting work!

Finn: Yes. Well, let's keep our fingers crossed that we've got good prospects. You know, I don't want our listeners to (robot voice) start listening to robot presenters any time soon!

Neil: Indeed, we need! We talk about keeping our fingers crossed when we hope that things are going to turn out in the way we want them to in the future.

Finn: That's right. So shall we hear the answer to today's quiz question? Neil, I asked you: What makes a job more likely to be done by robots? Is it if a job involves… a) manipulating small objects? b) working in open spaces? Or c) social and emotional skills?

Neil: Well, I said a) manipulating small objects ... and I'm keeping my fingers crossed that I've got the right answer.

Finn: OK. You’re keeping them crossed?

Neil: Yes, I am.

Finn: You've got the answer right! Well done!

Neil: Brilliant! I'm glad my cognitive skills are still functioning. Now, how about hearing those words again?

Finn: OK, the words we heard today were: automation

susceptible to

manual dexterity

cognitive labour

noggin

white collar

artificial intelligence (AI)

and … keeping your fingers crossed

Neil: Well, that brings us to the end of this 6 Minute English. We hope you enjoyed the programme. Please join us again soon.

Both: Bye.