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柏林努力建设海绵城市 解决雨水和热量问题

kira86 于2018-07-09发布 l 已有人浏览
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由钢筋水泥建造的城市“反自然”,吸热不吸水,德国首都的部分城市建造了所谓的“海面城市”,解决雨水和热量问题。
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柏林.jpg
Berlin is Becoming a Sponge City -Bloomberg

柏林正在变成一座“海绵城市”

Cities are concrete, glass and steel - they look and act unnaturally - absorbing heat and repelling water.

城市是由钢筋水泥以及玻璃建造的-它们的造型和存在方式都不自然-它们吸收热量,排斥水。

Our urban spaces are at odds with the natural environment. But, in parts of the German capital things are different.

我们的城市空间与自然环境格格不入。但是,在德国首都的部分地区,情况有所不同。

To deal with rainwater and heat, Berlin is being transformed into what's being called a Sponge City.

为了解决雨水和热量的问题,柏林被改造成了所谓的“海绵城市”。

Carlo Becker is the architect of Berlin's Sponge City strategy which harnesses rainwater and manages heat.

卡罗·贝克尔是柏林“海绵城市”战略的设计师,该战略利用雨水并管理热量。

In a natural ecosystem, rainwater is soaked up by soil and vegetation,

在自然生态系统中,雨水被土壤和植被吸收,

the majority then evaporates and the rest filters deeper into the ground. The evaporating water then cools the surroundings.

随后大部分被蒸发掉,剩余的渗入更深的土壤层。蒸发掉的水分也带走了周围环境中的热量。

Cities disrupt this system. Water can't soak through the concrete and is piped away.

城市扰乱了这个系统。水无法渗透混凝土,只能顺着管道流走。

The Sponge City strategy aims to keep rainwater where it lands, to imitate the natural water cycle.

“海绵城市”策略的目的是将雨水留在它落下的地方,以模仿自然界水循环。

Buildings are covered in green roofs and facades.

建筑被绿色的屋顶和立面所覆盖。

And down on street-level, urban wetlands and road-side trenches - known as Swales -

这些在街道上,城市湿地和路边可见的,被称为“Swales”的沟渠

filter run-off and hold water, keeping the city cool by imitating nature.

可以过滤径流,保持水,通过模拟自然的方式保持城市的凉爽。

This is Rummelsburg, in East Berlin. Built 20 years ago, it's become a large scale example of the Sponge City concept.

这里是东柏林Rummelsburg。这里于20年前开始实施“海绵城市”策略,如今已变成一处大范围示范区。

On top we have extensive green roof of approximately 6 to 8 cm.

顶部的绿色屋顶厚度可达6-8厘米。

and from there the water flows into these courtyards here in the middle, and underneath there is a garage.

从那里,水流进位于中间的庭院,地下有一个车库。

On top of the underground garage we have a soil layer of almost 80 cm.

在地下车库的顶部,我们设计了一个80厘米厚的泥土层。

It's like a sponge and it soaks the water during heavy rainfall and then it's used by the plants, so they take all the water and finally evaporate it.

它就像一块海绵,在强降雨时吸收水分,供植被使用。所以,它们可以吸收掉所有的水分,并最终将其蒸发。

Heiko Sieker is the brains behind the neighborhood's innovative management of stormwater.

该社区用创新手段应对暴雨危机,海科·西克充当了社区智囊的角色。

In the whole area here we have no storm sewer system, so no conventional pipe system.

在整个社区内,我们没有暴雨排水系统,没有传统的管道系统。

The water flows from the road surface into the swale and from here it's infiltrating into the ground.

雨水顺着路面流入“Swales”沟渠,并从那里渗入地下。

On hot summer days, you can really feel the coolness here, much cooler compared to other parts of the city because of the evaporation.

在炎热的夏天,你能切实感受到降温效果。水蒸发带走热量,这里比城市其他地区凉爽很多。

You can say it's natural air-conditioning.

你可以称它为天然空调。

Rummelsburg is just one example of a Sponge City - neighbourhoods across Berlin have implemented similar initiatives.

Rummelsburg只是“海绵城市”的一个示例--柏林各处社区都采取了类似举措。

But Berlin isn't a perfect Sponge City.

但柏林还不是一个完美的“海绵城市”。

In the middle of summer 2017 the heaviest rain in the century hit the city,

2017年仲夏,柏林遭遇了世纪一遇的暴雨,

submerging parts under water and warning how much work still to do.

雨水淹没了部分城市,也提醒着柏林人未来还有许多工作要做。

In fact, the city council has recently decided all new developments should manage stormwater on site, in the spirit of the Sponge City.

事实上,市议会最近决定,所有新开发项目都应遵循“海绵城市”精神,就地管理雨水。

Climate Change is forcing Berlin and many other cities around the world to adapt urban environments.

气候变化迫使柏林和世界上其他许多城市改造城市环境,

transforming them to work with nature, not against it.

使其同自然和谐相处,而非相互对抗。

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