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科学美国人60秒双语科学新闻综合篇:小心,你会被视为持枪者

Lily85 于2013-04-08发布 l 已有人浏览
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被警职人员开枪射杀的人中有四分之一是手无寸铁的人。在最近的一些案件中,警职人员将手机或发刷误以为是枪支并开枪打死了那些无辜者。如今,一项研究或许可以部分对
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A quarter of all police shootings involve unarmed suspects. In a few recent cases, officers mistook cell phones and hairbrushes for guns, and shot and killed the victims. Now a study may explain—in part—these errors. Researchers found that when a person holds a gun, they’re more likely to think they see a weapon being carried by another. That study is in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
被警职人员开枪射杀的人中有四分之一是手无寸铁的人。在最近的一些案件中,警职人员将手机或发刷误以为是枪支并开枪打死了那些无辜者。如今,一项研究或许可以部分对这一误杀现象做出解释。研究人员发现,当一个人持有枪支时,他更容易认为其他人也持有武器。这项研究刊登在《实验心理学杂志:人类的感知和行为》上。

Researchers had volunteers hold a Wii handgun or a foam ball. Then they flashed images of people either holding guns or objects like soda cans, and asked volunteers to decide if they'd seen a weapon. The subjects holding the Wii gun were more likely to mistakenly see a gun in the hands of their onscreen "foe." When researchers varied the experiment, subjects holding shoes were more likely to see shoes onscreen.
研究人员让志愿者手持游戏手枪或泡沫球,然后,他们在银幕上播放一些要么持有枪支要么持有汽水罐的人物图像,并询问志愿者是否看到了武器。拿着游戏手枪的志愿者更容易将屏幕上“敌人”手中的物体误认为武器。而拿着鞋子的受试者更容易看到屏幕上“敌人”手中的物体就是鞋子。

The reason, the authors say, is that just planning to possibly use an object—like a pistol—might prime the brain for spotting that object. Which might be a great advantage for quickly noting when a suspect is indeed armed. But can cause tragic overreactions when there’s really no gun in sight.
研究人员说,究其原因,可能持枪者的大脑更容易将物体识别成武器。当犯罪嫌疑人确实是武装分子时,这种反应可能是警职人员的一大优势,但也可能会导致他们对手无寸铁的人做出悲剧性的过激行为。

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