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How the Steel Was Tempered [钢铁是怎样炼成的]

所属栏目: Biography

点    击: 3113

作    者:Nikolai Ostrovsky

小说大小:656 KB

推荐等级:2级

整理时间:2009-12-18

内容简介

How the Steel Was Tempered (Russian: Как закалялась сталь, Kak zakalyalas' stal' ) is a socialist realist novel written by Nikolai Ostrovsky (1904-1936) during Stalin's era. Pavel Korchagin is the central character.

The story is a fictionalized autobiography. In real life, Ostrovsky's father died, and his mother worked as a kitchen chef. As he joined the war with the Red Army, he lost his right eye due to an infection.

  本书的故事情节是围绕主人公保尔·柯察金展开的。保尔出身于乌克兰的工人家庭,早年丧父,母亲替人洗衣、做饭,哥哥是工人。在小学念书时,神父无理惩罚他,他把烟灰撒在神父厨房里的面团上,因而被学校开除。为了维持生活,保尔开始到车站食堂当小伙计。
  十月革命爆发了,一位老布尔什维克朱赫来在保尔家住了几天,给他讲了许多革命道理,使他懂得了不平等生活的社会原因,这对保尔思想的成长起到了决定性的作用。一天,保尔在路口看到一个匪兵押着朱赫来走来,他猛扑上去,抱住押送兵,救出了朱赫来。保尔被抓进监狱,受尽严刑拷打,却没有泄露任何革命秘密。不久,他被敌人错放了出来,躲进了冬妮亚的家里。
   冬妮亚是本地林务官的女儿,有一次,她看见保尔把蛮横无理的铁路工厂主的公子狠狠地教训了一顿,就喜欢上了这个倔强、勇敢的工人的儿子,两人渐渐地产生了感情。后来,冬妮亚向保尔表白了自己的感情,但是,保尔没有沉湎于个人感情,他参加了红军。
   在红军队伍里,保尔阅读了许多革命书籍,思想觉悟提高得非常快。冬妮亚这个资产阶级小姐和他之间的距离越来越远,保尔毅然斩断了这份情感。
   在工作中,保尔与优秀的共产党员丽达建立了真正的爱情,可他以为丽达已经有了爱人,不想陷入庸俗的情场角逐,就躲开了。后来,误会虽然消除了,但保尔认为革命者应该完全献身于事业,不能纠缠在琐碎的个人感情中,便抑制住自己,中断了与丽达的感情。
  由于在战场上多次负伤,加上忘我的工作和劳动,保尔的病情加重,彻底丧失了工作能力,党组织不得不解除了他的工作,送他住院治疗。为了重返工作岗位,保尔与疾病进行了顽强的斗争,可是,他几乎全身瘫痪,接着双目失明,终日不得不躺在病床上。离开工作和集体,保尔感到极大的痛苦,一度想到自杀,但他很快控制住了自己的怯懦念头,他告诉自己:要活下去,继续为党和人民作贡献。
   这时,保尔结识了一个女工达雅,他帮助她读书,提高思想觉悟,使她摆脱了庸俗的家庭,加入了党组织。后来,达雅成了保尔的妻子,虽然他非常需要照顾,但还是支持妻子做更多的工作,他为她的进步而高兴。
  保尔潜心阅读了大量书籍,逐渐走上了文学创作之路。他克服一切困难,以钢铁般的意志战胜病魔,从事写作。1934年,小说终于出版,并受到广大读者的热烈欢迎,保尔终于又回到革命队伍行列。他计划再写一部小说,在这一新的阵地上继续为社会主义革命事业贡献自己的力量。

Review by a customer

How the Steel Was Tempered is Nikolai Ostrovsky's epic semi-autobiographical novel, the only book he ever completed before his life was cut tragically short by illness at the age of 32 in 1936. Ostrovsky was a teenage soldier in the Red Army during the Civil War, before continuing his work in the Communist Youth League (Komsomol) and frequently appeared in Soviet magazines and on radio.

Through its hero, Pavel Korchagin who begins the story as a boy slaving in the kitchens of a railway station restaurant in wartorn Tsarist Ukraine, the book follows not just Korchagin's developing life but also the development of socialism from the ashes of the First World War, through the triumph of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution to the launch of the Soviet Union's planned economy at the end of the 1920s. In work and war Korchagin's view of life is described by Ostrovsky's brilliant and famous words:

"Our dearest possession is life. It is given to us but once. And we must live it so as to feel no torturing regrets for wasted years, never know the burning shame of a mean and petty past; so live, that dying we might say: all my life all my strength were given to the finest cause in all the world - the fight for the Liberation of Humankind."

Despite the fact that Ostrovsky's novel is one of the worlds most popular, having been printed in many millions of copies in many languages and many countries, it has naturally never been accepted as a great literary work by bourgeois critics. Its subject and its immortal message that the working class and oppressed can and must seize and consciously shape their own destiny shines through the pages and years as powerfully as ever, meaning it cannot be a great work of art for these people. How the Steel Was Tempered does not have literary conceits or difficult to understand passages, but this is not to say it is not well written, nor that its descriptions are not artistic.

Frequently dismissed as a mere propaganda novel, How the Steel Was Tempered certainly has a forceful message, but this is not the cynical work of some hack. Struck down by a terrible degenerative disease that claimed the use of his limbs and sight, and with enormous effort, Ostrovsky continued his fight for the liberation of humankind through his novel, much of it written agonisingly with the aid of a stencil. Like Nikolai Ostrovsky, Pavel Korchagin does not let anything crush his spirit and retains his positive outlook on life until the end.

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