abstain
v. to hold oneself back; to refrain戒除
n. abstention
After his heart surgery, the doctor told Ted to abstain from eggs and other high cholesterol foods.
心脏手术后，医生告诉泰德要禁吃鸡蛋和其他高胆固醇的食物。
* cholesterol
胆固醇
Synonym
同义词：forgo
Antonym
反义词：indulge
abstinence
n. restraint from alcohol or enjoyment 禁酒；禁欲
Lent is a forty day period of abstinence for Christians that occurs before the celebration of Easter.
复活节前是为期四十天的四旬斋，在这段期间，基督徒必须禁欲。
Synonym
同义词：temperance; continence
Antonym
反义词：drunkenness; self-indulgence
contemporary
adj. at the same time 同时的
A development contemporary to the building of the mill was an increased outside interest in other local products.
和建造磨坊同时期的发展，是外地人对当地其他产品越来越有兴趣。
Synonym
同义词：simultaneous; concurrent; synchronous
contentious
adj. fond of quarrel 好争吵的
Mr. Ellison was a contentious old man, fond of provoking an argument with anyone he met.
艾利森先生是个爱争辩的老人，他一遇到人，就喜欢挑起话题来争论。
Synonym
同义词：argumentative; disputatious; quarrelsome
Antonym
反义词：compliant
contiguous
adj. touching; neighboring 接触的；邻近的
Residents whose homes were contiguous to the incinerator complained of many respiratory illnesses.
住家紧临焚化场的居民，抱怨时常会患呼吸方面的疾病。
* incinerator
焚化场
* respiratory
呼吸的
Synonym
同义词：adjacent; nearby
Antonym
反义词：distant; remote
continence
n. self-control 节欲；自制
Lola's continence in the face of such a lavish and indulgent environment is commendable.
面对如此奢侈和放纵的环境，洛拉的自制值得赞扬。
* lavish
奢侈的
* commendable
值得赞扬的
Synonym
同义词：temperance; self-restraint; abstinence
Antonym
反义词：self-indulgence; immoderation
contingent
adj. 1. possible 可能发生的 2. accidental 偶然的
The contingent discovery of gold in the valley led to a huge influx of prospectors to the site.
山谷中偶然发现黄金，使得大批淘金者涌入。
* influx
涌入
* prospector
探矿者
Synonym
同义词：2. haphazard; fortuitous; casual
distend
v. to swell out 扩张；膨胀
n. distension
Many diseases resulting from malnourishment cause the stomach to distend.
营养失调所引起的许多疾病，都会导致胃部膨胀。
Synonym
同义词：expand;stretch
Antonym
反义词：constrict
extemporaneous
adj. not prepared 即席的
Stephan gave an extemporaneous speech to the class about the effects of economic reform on small merchants.
史帝芬对班上同学做即席演讲，谈论经济改革对小企业的影响。
Synonym
同义词：improvised; offhand; impromptu
Antonym
反义词：prepared
insurgent
adj. rebellious 谋反的；暴动的
Hector was locked up for his insurgent political ideas.
赫克特因为谋反的政治思想而被监禁。
Synonym
同义词：insubordinate; riotous
ostensible
adj. apparent; pretending 表面的；假装的
Frank slipped out of the office for an ostensible meeting with a client.
法兰克溜岀办公室，假装要和客户见面。
Synonym
同义词：seeming; superficial; specious
ostentatious
adj. fond of showing off 夸示的；华丽的
Nadine made her appearance at the ball wearing the most ostentatious gown.
娜汀穿着最华丽的晚礼服，出现在舞会中。
Synonym
同义词：boastful; showy
Antonym
反义词：modest; humble
pertinacious
adj. 1. stubborn 顽强的 2. determined 坚决的
The city government's pertinacious refusal to improve public transportation was criticized by citizens groups.
市政府坚决地拒绝改善大众运输，受到市民团体的批评。
Synonym
同义词：1. obstinate; obdurate 2. resolute; persistent
portentous
adj. foretelling evil 不祥的
Looking back, I think the raven perching on Kevin's shoulder was portentous of events later to come.
回顾从前，我认为停在凯文肩上的乌鸦，预示着将会发生不祥的事。
* raven
大乌鸦
* perch
栖息
Synonym
同义词：ominous; threatening; sinister
presumption
n. impoliteness; arrogance 无礼；傲慢
Eric's presumption to invite himself to the party was inexcusable.
艾瑞克未获邀请就参加宴会，这种无礼的举动不可原谅。
Synonym
同义词：haughtiness; insolence
Antonym
反义词：humility
pretentious
adj. claiming great importance ; conceited 自命不凡的；自负的
Carl's pretentious behavior at the meeting may have impressed the upper management, but I was disgusted by it.
卡尔在会议中自命不凡的行为，也许使高级主管印象深刻，但是令我感到厌恶。
Synonym
同义词：vainglorious; overweening
Antonym
反义词：unaffected; unassuming
resurgent
adj. coming back to activity; rising again 复活的；再起的
The resurgent popularity of jazz music has led to an increase in the number of jazz clubs all over the country.
爵士乐再度流行，使得全国各地爵士乐团的数量大增。
retinue
n. servants who travel with a person of high rank 侍从
When the prince comes for his official visit, we will have to make accommodations for his retinue as well.
当王子前来做正式访问时，我们也必须为他的侍从们安排住宿。
* accommodation
（pl.）住宿设备
Synonym
同义词：entourage;suite
sumptuary
adj. controlling private expenses 节省费用的
Many wealthy parents put very little sumptuary restrictions on their children's habits and expenditures.
许多有钱的父母对他们小孩的习惯和花费，很少加以限制要求他们节省。
sumptuous
adj. extravagant; luxurious 1. 奢侈的 2. 华丽的
The royal family enjoyed their summers in a sumptuous private villa overlooking the ocean.
皇室成员在他们可俯视海洋的豪华私人别墅里，享受夏日时光。
* villa
别墅
* overlook
俯视
Synonym
同义词：1. lavish 2. splendid
Antonym
反义词：1. frugal;thrifty 2. plain
tactile
adj. of the sense of touch 触觉的
The fire scarred her hands, leaving her with reduced tactile sensation in her fingertips.
火在她的手上留下疤痕，使她指尖的触觉不灵敏。
tangent
adj. touching 接触的
Although our offices are tangent to one another, it seems our paths never cross.
虽然我们的办公室紧挨在一起，但我们似乎从未碰面。
temporize
v. to delay in order to gain time 拖延以争取时间
Legislators are known to temporize in order to hinder the passage of bills they don't agree with.
大家都知道，立法委员为了不让他们反对的议案通过，会以拖延来争取时间。
tenacity
n. firmness 支持；倔强
Her tenacity in pursuing the law suit against the huge corporation was admirable, although doomed to failure.
他坚持继续和那家大公司打官司，虽然注定会失败，但值得敬佩。
* pursue
继续进行
* doom
注定
Synonym
同义词：persistence; pertinacity
tenure
n. holding of office 任期
During his tenure as chief of police, many corrupt practices within the department were finally brought to light.
在他的警察局长任内，警察局里许多舞弊的行为终于曝光了。